APPENDICES
APPENDIX I‑‑Continued
Year Census Full Reference Reference Abbreviation
1786 "White and Slave Popu‑p Bureau of Census, Cen‑ Bureau of
lation, and Indians tury of Population Census, Cen‑
Taxed, in New York, in Growth, table 99, p. tury of Pop‑
Certain Age Groups, By 183. ulation Growth,
Sex: 1786" table 99, p.
183.
1786 "A List of the Inhab‑ N.U., Bergen Papers, N.U., Bergen
itants of New Utrecht, St. Francis, p. 63. Papers, St.
May 10, 1786" Francis, p. 63.
1788 "A List of the Ratable Gravesend Town Records, "Gravesend,
Estate of the Inhab‑ Miscellaneous 1664‑1837, 1788,"
itants of Gravesend pp. 45‑46, St. Francis. Gravesend
for the Year 1788" Records,
St. Francis.
1790 First Census of the National Archives, National 1790 Census,
U.S., 1790, Population Archives and Records Service, Manuscript
Schedules General Services Administration, Population
National Archives Microfilm Schedules.
Publications, Microcopy 637,
Population Schedules of
the First Census of the
United States, 1790
(Washington, D.C.: 1965),
New York Public Library.
1790 First Census of the U.S., Bureau of the Census, Bureau of
1790, Printed Population Department of Commerce Census,
Schedules and Labor, Heads of Heads of
Families at the First Families, 1790.
Census of the United
States Taken in the
Year 1790‑‑New York,
12 vols. (Washington,
D.C.: Government Printing
Office, 1907‑1908).
1790 1790 Census, Populationq Bureau of Census, Bureau of
Tables Century of Population Census, Century
Growth, tables 104, 105, of Population
112‑15, pp. 194‑95, Growth, tables
202, 272, 275, 281‑84, 104, 105, 112‑
293‑94. 15, pp. 194‑
95, 202, 272,
275, 281‑84,
293‑94.
Year Census Full Reference Reference Abbreviation
1800 Second Census of the National Archives, National 1800 Census,
U.S., 1800, Population Archives and Records Service, Manuscript
Schedules National Archives Microfilm Population
Publications, General Services Schedules.
Administration, Population
Schedules of the Second Census
of the United States, 1800
(Washington, D.C.: 1959), New
York Public Library. Manuscript
population schedules were used
for wards two through seven of
New York County.
1800 Second Census of the Printed in New York 1800 Census,
U.S., 1800, Printed Genealogical and Bio‑ Printed Popu‑
Population Schedules graphical Record, copied lation Schedules,
from photostat copy made NYGBR.
from the originals in the
Census Bureau, Washington,
D.C., vols, 49, 50, 53‑69
(1918, 1919, 1922‑1938);
New York County, First Ward,
typed manuscript, NYGBS.
1800 U.S. Census Office,r Return of the Whole Num‑ 1800 Census,
"Second Census of the ber of Persons Within "Schedule of
U.S., 1800‑‑Schedule of the Several Districts of the Whole
the Whole Number of Per‑ the U.S. (Washington, Number of
sons in the District of D.C.: Printed by order Persons. . ."
New York" of the House of Represent‑
atives, 1801).
1802,
1805 Assessment List of Tax‑ John Stillwell Collection, "Gravesend,
able Property in the NYHS. 1802,"
Town of Gravesend, 1802 Stillwell,
and 1805 NYHS.
1810 Third Census of the s National Archives, National 1810 Census,
U.S., 1810, Population Archives and Records Service, Manuscript
Schedules National Archives Microfilm Population
Publications, General Schedules.
Services Administration,
Population Schedules of the
Third Census of the United
States, 1810 (Washington, D.C.:
1958), New York Public Library.
1810 U.S. Census Office. U.S. Census Office 1810 Census,
Aggregate Amount of (Washington, D.C: 1811), "Aggregate
Each Description of Document Center, Lehman Amount of
Persons Within the Library, reel F‑a68, U.S. Persons. . ."
U.S.A., 1810 Census of Population, 1800‑
1830, Columbia University.
Year Census Full Reference Reference Abbreviation
1820 Aggregate Amount of Eacht U.S. Census Office, Fourth 1820 Census,
Description of Persons Census, 1820 (Washington, "Aggregate
Within the Southern D.C.: printed by Gates & Amount of
District of New York, Seaton by authority of an Persons. . ."
1820 Act of Congress, 1821).
1820 Fourth Census of the u National Archives, National 1820 Census,
U.S., 1820, Population Archives and Records Manuscript
Schedules Service, National Archives Population
Microfilm Publications, Schedules.
General Services
Administration, Population
Schedules of the Fourth
Census of the United
States, 1820 (Washington,
D.C.: 1959,) New York
Public Library.
1823 Assessment Roll Manuscript File, NYGBS. "Jamaica,
of the Town of Jamaica, 1823,"
August 19, 1823 NYGBS.
1830 Aggregate Amount of Eachv U.S. Census Office, Fifth 1830 Census,
Description of Persons Census, or Enumeration of "Aggregate
Within the Southern the Inhabitants of the Amount of
District of New York, U.S., 1830 (Washington, Persons . . ."
1830 D.C.: printed by Duff
Green, pub. by authority
of an Act of Congress,
1832; reprint ed., New York:
Cornwall, 1951).
aThis census was also printed in "The Watchman," 4 February 1899.
bAlso printed in Doc. Hist., 1:467, and Evarts B. Greene and Virginia D. Harrington, American Population Before the Federal Census of 1790 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1932; reprint ed., Gloucester, Mass: Peter Smith, 1966), p. 92. For Kings County I relied on figures from the 1698 Kings County Census rather than on this county chart.
mAlso printed in Doc. Hist., 1:474 and Greene and Harrington, American Population Before 1790, p. 102, with minor errors corrected in the Bureau of Census, Century of Population Growth edition.
nAnother version in Greene and Harrington, American Population Before 1790 differs from the totals in the Force version, and was not used. This 1776 census included only eight towns‑‑Huntington was missing. This census was taken under unstable conditions, in July 1776, probably to ascertain the number of fighting men available.
oThis census was done as a survey of population and economic resources conducted by the British army‑‑to be used as a basis for requisitioning essential materials. Three men took separate censuses covering different areas: Capt. Youngs, Sgt. Lattin, and Sgt. Bennet. A fourth census was lost, except for the end totals.
pThe same version is also printed in Greene and Harrington, American Population Before 1790, p. 104.
qPopulation summaries of the 1790 census are also included in Bureau of Census, Heads of Families, 1790. They contain both minor and a few major errors compared to the largely correct version in Bureau of Census, Century of Population Growth. Some minor discrepancies exist between my totals of the census columns and those in Century of Population Growth. I relied on my recount of the census.
rThis compilation of census totals is composed of the totals at the end of each town on the 1800 manuscript census microfilm version. For N.Y.C., I used the original microfilm manuscript as my counting basis, and therefore also used the corresponding totals from this "Schedule" chart. The "Schedule" compilation of census totals differs greatly from the totals at the end of each town in the printed 1800 census in the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. For areas outside N.Y.C., I relied on the NYGBR totals, which are a completely accurate count of the NYGBR version of the census, except for the two towns of Yonkers and Newtown. The number of slaves is 121 rather than 130 in Yonkers, and the true number of slaves in Newtown is 516 rather than the 416 in the NYGBR tally.
sThe manuscript census contains irregularities and errors in the tabulation of its census columns. For the town of Mount Pleasant, the totals of 25 free blacks and 117 slaves should be 25 free blacks and 106 slaves. In Greenburgh, the totals of 24 free blacks and 108 slaves should be 27 free blacks and 110 slaves. In Poundridge, the tally numbers are reversed‑‑two free blacks and one slave need to be changed to one free black and two slaves. For several other Westchester County towns, revisions are also needed in the totals of freed blacks and slaves: South Salem (6 slaves changed to 8 slaves), Bedfod (26 rather than 29 slaves), Eastchester (92 rather than 83 slaves), North Salem (36 free and 14 slaves rather than 38 free and 17 slaves), Cortlandt (65 free and 42 slaves rather than 77 free and 39 slaves), Yorktown (33 free and 19 slaves rather than 34 free and 18 slaves), Summerstown (58 free and 32 slaves rather than 60 free and 33 slaves), and 647 freed blacks and 78 slaves instead of 661 free and 86 slaves in the Queens County town of Oysterbay. A possible explanation for these discrepancies could be poor microfilming procedures which obliterated or rendered illegible some names at the joining points of two census pages. This study relies on the adjusted figures rather than the possibly erroneous official town totals. The totals for the Seventh and Tenth Wards of New York City are tabulated together in the census subtotals (p.213) and must therefore be treated as one entity.
tThis census abstract totalled up the white males under age ten in Richmond County incorrectly‑‑it should be 996 rather than 906 persons. There is an extra column for white males aged sixteen to eighteen years who were already included and counted in with the sixteen‑to‑twenty‑six age group. Once this column is omitted, the columns do add up to the published totals at the right side of the sheet. The town and county totals included in this abstract of the 1820 census are identical to the figures which appear at the end of each town and county in the manuscript population census. Queens County town totals are missing from this printed summary because none were ever listed in the original census. Census takers did not list the population according to towns in Queens County.
uThe 1820 census population schedules include a category of "all other persons except Indians not taxed." No entries were made in this census column for Kings, Richmond, New York, Queens, and Westchester counties. Although the printed abstract of the 1820 census continues to use the official banner title of "all other persons except Indians not taxed" for this column statewide, the title of this column is different for Suffolk County. The manuscript banner in the census population schedule for Suffolk County (p.141) designates this column as "Indentured Blacks all other persons except Indians not taxed" and includes 342 free blacks.
vSome errors exist in this abstract of the 1830 census. The compiler added the "white males age 20‑30" column incorrectly by 50 persons‑‑the total should be 21,308 rather than 21, 358 for the Eighth Ward of New York City. This changes the total population of the Eighth Ward from 20,729 to 20,679 persons. A similar problem exists for New York City's Tenth Ward, whose total population is 16,433 rather than 16,438 inhabitants. The five person error occurred in the "free black males aged 36‑55" group‑‑the total for New York County for this column should read 1,250 persons.
APPENDIX 15
NUMBERS AND PROPORTION OF THE BLACK POPULATION FREED
BY AGE AND SEX GROUP, 1820, SOUTHERN SIX COUNTIES OF NEW YORK
County
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
UNDER 14 UNDER 14 14‑26 14‑26
Kings 211 163 374 43.6 145 163 308 52.9 134 90 224 40.2 76 121 197 61.4
New York 73 1,281 1,354 94.6 110 1,491 1,601 93.1 71 920 991 92.8 123 1,851 1,974 93.8
Richmond 118 20 138 14.5 79 15 94 16.0 101 6 107 5.6 49 7 56 12.5
Queens 131 627 758 82.7 98 550 648 84.9 76 344 420 81.9 62 315 377 83.6
Suffolk 63 203 266 76.3 52 235 287 81.9 60 64 124 51.6 54 128 182 70.3
Westchester 0 342 342 100.0 0 355 355 100.0 34 210 244 86.1 20 220 240 91.7
Total 596 2,636 3,232 81.6 484 2,809 3,293 85.3 476 1,634 2,110 77.4 384 2,642 3,026 87.3
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
26‑45 26‑45 Over 45 Over 45
Kings 96 107 203 52.7 63 131 194 67.5 78 50 128 39.1 76 57 133 42.9
New York 22 1,387 1,409 98.4 55 1,998 2,053 97.3 11 606 617 98.2 53 834 887 94.0
Richmond 58 10 68 14.7 31 7 38 18.4 54 7 61 11.5 42 6 48 12.5
Queens 40 233 273 85.3 41 245 286 85.7 42 156 198 78.8 69 178 247 72.1
Suffolk 31 141 172 82.0 32 159 191 83.2 17 115 132 87.1 14 121 135 89.6
Westchester 45 165 210 78.6 45 146 191 76.4 34 104 138 75.4 27 96 123 78.0
Total 292 2,043 2,335 87.5 267 2,686 2,953 91.0 236 1,038 1,274 81.5 281 1,292 1,573 82.1
SOURCE: 1820 Census, "Aggregate Amount of Persons. . . ."
NOTE: The 342 indentured free blacks in Suffolk County are excluded from these figures because the 1820 population census does not classify them into age and sex groups.
APPENDIX 15
NUMBERS AND PROPORTION OF THE BLACK POPULATION FREED
BY AGE AND SEX GROUP, 1820, SOUTHERN SIX COUNTIES OF NEW YORK
County
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
UNDER 14 UNDER 14 14‑26 14‑26
Kings 211 163 374 43.6 145 163 308 52.9 134 90 224 40.2 76 121 197 61.4
New York 73 1,281 1,354 94.6 110 1,491 1,601 93.1 71 920 991 92.8 123 1,851 1,974 93.8
Richmond 118 20 138 14.5 79 15 94 16.0 101 6 107 5.6 49 7 56 12.5
Queens 131 627 758 82.7 98 550 648 84.9 76 344 420 81.9 62 315 377 83.6
Suffolk 63 203 266 76.3 52 235 287 81.9 60 64 124 51.6 54 128 182 70.3
Westchester 0 342 342 100.0 0 355 355 100.0 34 210 244 86.1 20 220 240 91.7
Total 596 2,636 3,232 81.6 484 2,809 3,293 85.3 476 1,634 2,110 77.4 384 2,642 3,026 87.3
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
26‑45 26‑45 Over 45 Over 45
Kings 96 107 203 52.7 63 131 194 67.5 78 50 128 39.1 76 57 133 42.9
New York 22 1,387 1,409 98.4 55 1,998 2,053 97.3 11 606 617 98.2 53 834 887 94.0
Richmond 58 10 68 14.7 31 7 38 18.4 54 7 61 11.5 42 6 48 12.5
Queens 40 233 273 85.3 41 245 286 85.7 42 156 198 78.8 69 178 247 72.1
Suffolk 31 141 172 82.0 32 159 191 83.2 17 115 132 87.1 14 121 135 89.6
Westchester 45 165 210 78.6 45 146 191 76.4 34 104 138 75.4 27 96 123 78.0
Total 292 2,043 2,335 87.5 267 2,686 2,953 91.0 236 1,038 1,274 81.5 281 1,292 1,573 82.1
SOURCE: 1820 Census, "Aggregate Amount of Persons. . . ."
NOTE: The 342 indentured free blacks in Suffolk County are excluded from these figures because the 1820 population census does not classify them into age and sex groups.
APPENDIX 15
NUMBERS AND PROPORTION OF THE BLACK POPULATION FREED
BY AGE AND SEX GROUP, 1820, SOUTHERN SIX COUNTIES OF NEW YORK
County
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
UNDER 14 UNDER 14 14‑26 14‑26
Kings 211 163 374 43.6 145 163 308 52.9 134 90 224 40.2 76 121 197 61.4
New York 73 1,281 1,354 94.6 110 1,491 1,601 93.1 71 920 991 92.8 123 1,851 1,974 93.8
Richmond 118 20 138 14.5 79 15 94 16.0 101 6 107 5.6 49 7 56 12.5
Queens 131 627 758 82.7 98 550 648 84.9 76 344 420 81.9 62 315 377 83.6
Suffolk 63 203 266 76.3 52 235 287 81.9 60 64 124 51.6 54 128 182 70.3
Westchester 0 342 342 100.0 0 355 355 100.0 34 210 244 86.1 20 220 240 91.7
Total 596 2,636 3,232 81.6 484 2,809 3,293 85.3 476 1,634 2,110 77.4 384 2,642 3,026 87.3
MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES
26‑45 26‑45 Over 45 Over 45
Kings 96 107 203 52.7 63 131 194 67.5 78 50 128 39.1 76 57 133 42.9
New York 22 1,387 1,409 98.4 55 1,998 2,053 97.3 11 606 617 98.2 53 834 887 94.0
Richmond 58 10 68 14.7 31 7 38 18.4 54 7 61 11.5 42 6 48 12.5
Queens 40 233 273 85.3 41 245 286 85.7 42 156 198 78.8 69 178 247 72.1
Suffolk 31 141 172 82.0 32 159 191 83.2 17 115 132 87.1 14 121 135 89.6
Westchester 45 165 210 78.6 45 146 191 76.4 34 104 138 75.4 27 96 123 78.0
Total 292 2,043 2,335 87.5 267 2,686 2,953 91.0 236 1,038 1,274 81.5 281 1,292 1,573 82.1
SOURCE: 1820 Census, "Aggregate Amount of Persons. . . ."
NOTE: The 342 indentured free blacks in Suffolk County are excluded from these figures because the 1820 population census does not classify them into age and sex groups.
APPENDIX 18
NUMBERS AND PROPORTIONS OF BLACKS WHO LIVED IN
FOUR HOUSEHOLD TYPES, SOUTHERN SIX COUNTIES OF NEW YORK,
1790 TO 1820
Types of Households
County
1790
Kings 1,526 1,360 138 17 11
New York 3,465a 2,093 408 238 726
Richmond 882 596 220 51 15
Suffolk 2,227 637 768 631 191
Queens 3,124 2,311 ... 1 812
Westchester 1,777 1,201 299 108 169
Total 13,001 8,198 1,833 1,046 1,924
1800
Kings 1,850 977 786 87 ...
New York 6,236b 2,333 888 879 2,136
Richmond 758 492 239 16 11
Suffolk 1,907c 639 392 231 645
Queens 2,966 1,249 457 366 894
Westchester 1,731 1,015 328 151 237
Total 15,448 6,705 3,090 1,730 3,923
1810
Kings 1,853 523 1,013 141 176
New York 9,404d 1,176 990 2,301 4,937
Richmond 711 180 468 32 31
Suffolk 1,785e 150 527 375 733
Queens 3,131 282 981 762 1,106
Westchester 1,887 790 341 312 444
Total 18,771 3,101 4,320 3,923 7,427
1820
Kings 1,737f 667 335 257 478
New York 10,431g 351 316 3,665 6,099
Richmond 610 492 59 16 43
Suffolk 1,489h 301 33 125 1,030
Queens 3,207 331 459 1,021 1,396
Westchester 1,843 58 353 710 722
Total 19,317 2,200 1,555 5,794 9,768
APPENDIX 18‑‑Continued
PROPORTIONS OF BLACKS WHO LIVED IN
FOUR HOUSEHOLD TYPES, SOUTHERN SIX COUNTIES OF NEW YORK,
1790 TO 1820
Types of Households
County
1790
Kings 89.1 9.0 1.1 0.72
New York 60.4 11.8 6.9 20.9
Richmond 67.6 24.9 5.8 1.7
Suffolk 28.6 34.5 28.3 8.6
Queens 74.0 0.0 .03 26.0
Westchester 67.6 16.8 6.1 9.5
Total 63.1 14.1 8.0 14.8
1800
Kings 52.8 42.5 4.7 0.0
New York 37.4 14.2 14.1 34.3
Richmond 64.9 31.5 2.1 1.5
Suffolk 33.5 20.6 12.1 33.8
Queens 42.1 15.4 12.3 30.1
Westchester 58.6 18.9 8.7 13.7
Total 43.4 20.0 11.2 25.4
1810
Kings 28.2 54.7 7.6 9.5
New York 12.5 10.5 24.5 52.5
Richmond 25.3 65.8 4.5 4.4
Suffolk 8.4 29.5 21.0 41.1
Queens 9.0 31.3 24.3 35.3
Westchester 41.9 18.1 16.5 23.5
Total 16.5 23.0 20.9 39.6
1820
Kings 38.4 19.3 14.8 27.5
New York 3.4 3.0 35.1 58.5
Richmond 80.7 9.7 2.6 7.0
Suffolk 20.2 2.2 8.4 69.2
Queens 10.3 14.3 31.8 43.5
Westchester 3.1 19.1 38.5 39.2
Total 11.4 8.0 30.0 50.6
APPENDIX 18‑‑Continued
SOURCES: A household by household analysis was done of every domicile which contained either free blacks or slaves in the southern six counties of New York to determine the living circumstances of the black population in 1790, 1800, 1810, and 1820. Bureau of Census, Heads of Families, 1790; 1800 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules; 1800 Census, Printed Population Schedules, NYGBR; 1810 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules; 1820 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules.
NOTE: These figures include slaves who lived in free black‑headed households. For additional notes, see table 1, chap. 14.
aThis total excludes nine free blacks and ten slaves in institutions in the North Ward of New York City.
bThese figures exclude the 128 blacks in institutions in the Sixth and Seventh Wards and the nineteen slaves who lived in independent slave‑headed households.
cThe Suffolk County figures exclude five slaves in Smithtown who lived in a slave‑headed household.
dNew York County figures exclude 416 blacks in institutions and three slaves who lived in slave‑headed households.
eOne slave who lived in a slave‑headed household is excluded from the total.
fTwenty‑four free blacks in the Brooklyn Navyard and the Brooklyn Poorhouse are excluded. The real total of blacks in Kings County is 1,761 persons.
gThis figure excludes 451 free blacks in institutions and two free blacks and one slave who were not enumerated by household in the census for Governor's, Bedlow's and Ellis's islands and at the Battery. One slave who lived in a slave‑headed household is also omitted. The real black population of New York City numbers 10,886 persons.
hThere were 342 indentured free blacks living in white households who were excluded from these figures, bringing the real total of blacks in Suffolk County to 1,831 persons.
APPENDIX 19
SIZE OF DATA BASES USED IN THIS STUDY
Period
Type of Document Number of Documents Number of Slaves/Blacks Covered
Abandoned Infants
1. Overseer of the Poor
Rolls and Slave Child
Abandonment Documents 201 owners (16 towns) 262 children 1799‑1804
2. State Comptroller's
Payment Records 12 towns 195 children 1799‑1804
Baptisms . . . 807 1639‑1827
Bills of Sale 312 245 1660‑1817
British Evacuation of Former
New York Slaves . . . 247 (out of 3,000 blacks) 1783
Deaths . . . 369 1697‑1827
. . . 363 1828‑1911
Estate Inventories 384 1,149 1675‑1829
For Sale Ads 57 125 1701‑1827
Manumissions
1. Deeds 1,313 owners 1,876 1701‑1831
2. Wills . . . 437 1669‑1831
3. Quaker (Westbury Meeting) 61 owners 173 1775‑1798
Marriages 813 1,626 1641‑1827
Runaway Slave Ads 189 245 1726‑1814
Slave Child Birth
Registrations 716 owners 1,499 children 1799‑1826
Wills 1,470 3,660 1669‑1829
APPENDIX 19
SIZE OF DATA BASES USED IN THIS STUDY
Period
Type of Document Number of Documents Number of Slaves/Blacks Covered
Abandoned Infants
1. Overseer of the Poor
Rolls and Slave Child
Abandonment Documents 201 owners (16 towns) 262 children 1799‑1804
2. State Comptroller's
Payment Records 12 towns 195 children 1799‑1804
Baptisms . . . 807 1639‑1827
Bills of Sale 312 245 1660‑1817
British Evacuation of Former
New York Slaves . . . 247 (out of 3,000 blacks) 1783
Deaths . . . 369 1697‑1827
. . . 363 1828‑1911
Estate Inventories 384 1,149 1675‑1829
For Sale Ads 57 125 1701‑1827
Manumissions
1. Deeds 1,313 owners 1,876 1701‑1831
2. Wills . . . 437 1669‑1831
3. Quaker (Westbury Meeting) 61 owners 173 1775‑1798
Marriages 813 1,626 1641‑1827
Runaway Slave Ads 189 245 1726‑1814
Slave Child Birth
Registrations 716 owners 1,499 children 1799‑1826
Wills 1,470 3,660 1669‑1829
APPENDIX 5
SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SLAVEHOLDINGS, BY COUNTY,
1790 TO 1820‑‑NUMBER OF HOLDINGS IN EACH SIZE CATEGORY
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Total Size of Slaveholdings (Number of Slaves Held)
Numberof 12 &
County Slave‑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Over
holders
1790
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 319 61 40 42 38 33 20 26 22 10 10 7 10
New York 1,117 554 240 154 84 33 27 9 8 3 1 ... 4
Richmond 238 81 40 25 31 24 12 13 1 8 2 ... 1
Suffolk 493 270 80 47 41 22 16 7 3 1 3 ... 3
Queens 776 314 123 91 74 64 36 27 17 12 5 7 6
Westchester 540 250 94 62 42 41 18 6 8 5 6 4 4
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1800
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 398 104 66 51 44 34 30 27 16 9 6 1 10
New York 1,483 812 345 161 85 43 12 9 9 1 4 ... 2
Richmond 231 87 32 38 25 19 14 6 5 4 ... ... 1
Suffolk 410 229 74 42 22 17 7 6 4 4 2 ... 3
Queens 532 201 104 74 39 35 33 20 8 7 5 3 3
Westchester 480 236 66 57 44 24 23 12 4 6 6 1 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1810
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 370 109 81 60 41 35 17 8 8 6 3 2 ...
New York 1,074 728 209 85 28 14 5 3 ... 1 ... 1 ...
Richmond 203 84 51 35 23 6 4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Suffolk 225 131 54 19 9 5 4 ... 1 ... 1 ... 1
Queens 357 150 91 49 38 20 6 2 ... ... 1 ... ...
Westchester 423 195 105 49 29 17 13 5 3 2 ... 2 3
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1820
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 286 101 54 38 29 15 19 13 10 ... 1 3 3
New York 366 287 50 13 11 2 3 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Richmond 183 61 39 21 24 16 10 6 4 1 ... 1 ...
Suffolk 146 74 34 14 12 3 3 3 1 ... ... ... 2
Queens 270 147 53 30 17 11 5 1 3 1 1 1 ...
Westchester 133 92 25 9 2 3 1 1 ... ... ... ... ...
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX 5‑‑Continued
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF SLAVEHOLDING SIZES,
BY COUNTY, 1790 TO 1820
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Size of Slaveholdings
12 &
County 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Over
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1790
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 19.1 12.5 13.2 11.9 10.3 6.3 8.2 6.9 3.1 3.1 2.2 3.1
New York 49.6 21.5 13.8 7.5 2.9 2.4 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 ... 0.4
Richmond 34.0 16.8 10.5 13.0 10.1 5.0 5.5 0.4 3.4 0.8 ... 0.4
Suffolk 54.8 16.2 9.5 8.3 4.5 3.2 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 ... 0.6
Queens 40.5 15.9 11.7 9.5 8.2 4.6 3.5 2.2 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.8
Westchester 46.3 17.4 11.5 7.8 7.6 3.3 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.7
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1800
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 26.1 16.6 12.8 11.1 8.5 7.5 6.8 4.0 2.3 1.5 0.3 2.5
New York 54.8 23.3 10.9 5.7 2.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 ... 0.1
Richmond 37.7 13.9 16.5 10.8 8.2 6.1 2.6 2.2 1.7 ... ... 0.4
Suffolk 55.9 18.0 10.2 5.4 4.1 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 ... 0.7
Queens 37.8 19.5 13.9 7.3 6.6 6.2 3.8 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.6
Westchester 49.2 13.8 11.9 9.2 5.0 4.8 2.5 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.2
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1810
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Kings 29.5 21.9 16.2 11.1 9.5 4.6 2.2 2.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 ...
New York 67.8 19.5 7.9 2.6 1.3 0.5 0.3 ... 0.1 ... 0.1 ...
Richmond 41.4 25.1 17.2 11.3 3.0 2.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Suffolk 58.2 24.0 8.4 4.0 2.2 1.8 ... 0.4 ... 0.4 ... 0.4
Queens 42.0 25.5 13.7 10.6 5.6 1.7 0.6 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
Westchester 46.1 24.8 11.6 6.9 4.0 3.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 ... 0.5 0.7
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1820
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Kings 35.3 18.9 13.3 10.1 5.2 6.6 4.5 3.5 ... 0.4 1.1 1.1
New York 78.4 13.7 3.6 3.0 0.5 0.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Richmond 33.3 21.3 11.5 13.1 8.7 5.5 3.3 2.2 0.5 ... 0.5 ...
Suffolk 50.7 23.3 9.6 8.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.7 ... ... ... 1.4
Queens 54.4 19.6 11.1 6.3 4.1 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 ...
Westchester 69.2 18.8 6.8 1.5 2.3 0.7 0.7 ... ... ... ... ...
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SOURCES: Bureau of Census, Heads of Families, 1790; 1800 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules; 1800 Census, Printed Population Schedules, NYGBR; 1810 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules; 1820 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules.
NOTE: Free black‑headed households which contained slaves are excluded from this table (one household in 1790, three in 1800, six in 1810, and fourteen in 1820). Also excluded are slave‑headed households (six in 1800, three in 1810, and one in 1820). Each white slaveholding which appeared in the 1790, 1800, 1810, and 1820 federal censuses was grouped according to the number of slaves owned in the unit. Owners who held only slaves and masters who employed both slaves and resident free black labor (only the slaves were counted to determine the size of the slaveholding) are both included.
APPENDIX 5‑‑continued
SOURCES: Bureau of Census, Heads of Families, 1790; 1800 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules; 1800 Census, Printed Population Schedules, NYGBR; 1810 Census, Manuscript Population Scheduls; 1820 Census, Manuscript Population Schedules.
NOTE: Free Black‑headed households which contained slaves are excluded from this table (one household in 1790, three in 1800, six in 1810, and fourteen in 1820). Also excluded are slave‑headed households (six in 1800, three in 1810, and one in 1820). Each white slaveholding which appeared in the 1790, 1800, 1810, and 1820 federal censuses was grouped according to the number of slaves owned in the unit. Owners who held only slaves and masters who employed both slaves and resident free black labor (only the slaves were counted to determine the size of the slaveholding) are both included.
